Applied Physics Lab - Interactive Experiments

Interactive simulations of light refraction, total internal reflection, electrical circuits, electrostatics, and electromagnetic induction

Refraction through Glass Slab

Observe how light bends when passing through a glass slab. Adjust the incident angle, refractive index, and slab thickness to see real-time changes in the ray path.

Physics Principles

Snell's Law of Refraction

n₁ sin(θ₁) = n₂ sin(θ₂)

Where n₁, n₂ are refractive indices and θ₁, θ₂ are angles of incidence and refraction

Critical Angle Formula:

θc = sin⁻¹(n₂/n₁)

For n₁ > n₂ (denser to rarer medium)

Lateral Displacement:

d = t × sin(θ₁ - θ₂) / cos(θ₂)

Where t is the thickness of the glass slab

Wire Resistance:

R = L/A

With constant resistivity: L is length, A is cross-sectional area

Ohm's Law:

I = V/R

Current equals voltage divided by resistance

Coulomb's Law:

F = k(q₁q₂)/r²

Electrostatic force between two charges

Faraday's Law:

EMF = -N(ΔΦ/Δt)

Induced EMF from changing magnetic flux